Knee conditions and syndromes encompass a range of acute or chronic disorders affecting joint function. Common issues include osteoarthritis (cartilage degeneration), rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune inflammation), patellofemoral pain syndrome (anterior knee pain from overuse/malalignment), and meniscal tears. Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) causes lateral pain in runners, while bursitis (inflamed fluid-filled sacs) leads to localized swelling. Tendinopathies, like patellar tendinitis (“jumper’s knee”), stem from repetitive strain. Genetic or developmental conditions include Osgood-Schlatter disease (growth plate inflammation in adolescents) and ligamentous laxity. Baker’s cysts (fluid buildup) or gout (urate crystal deposition) may also occur. Symptoms—pain, stiffness, instability, or locking—vary by condition. Diagnosis involves physical exams, imaging, and lab tests. Management combines medications, physical therapy, injections, or surgery, tailored to severity and underlying causes. Early intervention improves outcomes and preserves mobility.
